{"id":42086,"date":"2026-06-02T21:50:50","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T13:50:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hteknologi.com\/blog\/?p=42086"},"modified":"2026-06-02T21:51:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T13:51:27","slug":"eu-usul-tamat-pergantungan-as","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hteknologi.com\/blog\/eu-usul-tamat-pergantungan-as\/","title":{"rendered":"EU usul tamatkan Pergantungan Teknologi AS, Bimbang Risiko ‘Kill Switch’"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kesatuan Eropah (EU) kini sedang merangka langkah drastik untuk mengurangkan kebergantungan terhadap syarikat digital Amerika Syarikat (AS) dan cip dari China bagi memberi laluan kepada alternatif tempatan.<\/p>\n

Kedaulatan teknologi ini dibangkitkan susulan kebimbangan infrastruktur strategik blok tersebut. Ia dilihat terlalu terdedah kepada kehendak dan campur tangan kuasa asing.<\/p>\n

Ancaman ‘Suis Pemati’ (Kill Switch) Siber<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Faktor utama yang mendorong pindaan perundangan ini adalah risiko kelumpuhan sistem keselamatan serantau, atau dikenali sebagai insiden ‘suis pematian’ (kill switch).<\/p>\n

Berdasarkan penyelidikan oleh kumpulan pemikir teknologi berpusat di Brussels, Future of Technology Institute (FOTI), lebih separuh daripada negara Eropah kini terlalu bergantung kepada perkhidmatan awan (cloud services) yang disediakan oleh gergasi AS. Antaranya Microsoft, Google, Oracle, dan Amazon untuk kegunaan pertahanan nasional.<\/p>\n

Situasi ini meletakkan sistem mereka terdedah terhadap risiko sekiranya kerajaan AS menguatkuasakan sebarang penutupan atau sekatan operasi secara tiba-tiba.<\/p>\n

FOTI mendapati daripada 28 negara yang dinilai, 23 daripadanya berdepan risiko pendedahan sederhana hingga tinggi. Daripada jumlah tersebut, 16 buah negara termasuk Jerman, Poland, Denmark, dan United Kingdom dikategorikan sebagai amat rentan.<\/p>\n

Laporan tersebut juga menyatakan hanya satu negara di Eropah yang disahkan mempunyai kedaulatan sepenuhnya ke atas pertahanan sistem awanan dan keselamatannya.<\/p>\n

Rombakan Dasar Teknologi EU<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bagi menangani kerentanan kritikal ini, EU dijadualkan membentangkan peraturan baharu tersebut. Ia melibatkan teknologi pengkomputeran awan, kecerdasan buatan (AI), dan pembuatan cip pada 3 Jun ini.<\/p>\n

Draf strategi tersebut mensasarkan Eropah dapat merampas semula kedudukannya dalam perlumbaan geoekonomi global.<\/p>\n

Antara inisiatif yang akan diperkenalkan ialah Akta Pembangunan Awan dan AI (Cloud and AI Development Act). Ia bertujuan untuk mempercepat pembinaan infrastruktur pusat data di rantau itu.<\/p>\n

Selain itu, EU juga akan mengusulkan Akta Cip (Chips Act) bagi memastikan keselamatan bekalan semikonduktor Eropah diperkukuh. Tujuannya bagi menampung permintaan secara mandiri dan mengurangkan pembekal asing.<\/p>\n

Perkhidmatan awam turut diarahkan untuk menggunakan penyelesaian perisian sumber terbuka (open-source software). Penggunaan alternatif ini memberikan lebih banyak kawalan tanpa terikat sepenuhnya dengan pembekal luar.<\/p>\n

Penilaian Risiko Kebergantungan Sumber Asing<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Menerusi draf dasar berkenaan, semua kerajaan negara anggota EU perlu melaksanakan “penilaian risiko kedaulatan” bagi AI dan perkhidmatan awan mereka. Matlamatnya untuk mengenal pasti kebergantungan sedia ada serta menjejaki ketersediaan alternatif dari dalam Eropah.<\/p>\n

Suruhanjaya EU juga memohon kuasa pemutus sewaktu berlakunya krisis luaran. Ia bakal membolehkan suruhanjaya tersebut mengambil alih proses dengan memaksa para pengeluar mengutamakan penghasilan produk yang disifatkan sebagai kritikal, tanpa mengira syarat kontrak komersial yang telah ditandatangani.<\/p>\n

EU turut berhasrat untuk bertindak sebagai pembeli berpusat (central buyer) untuk mewakili keseluruhan blok sekiranya negara anggota dilanda kekurangan bekalan yang kritikal di pasaran.<\/p>\n

Reaksi Penggiat Industri AS<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Usaha memperkukuh ketahanan digital dari Eropah ini berakar umbi dari kebimbangan sekiranya pentadbiran AS mungkin mengambil langkah yang boleh merugikan rantau tersebut pada masa depan.<\/p>\n

Sebagai respons terhadap tekanan ini, pakatan industri global, Business Software Alliance, menerusi wakilnya Aaron Cooper, dilaporkan telah cuba memberi jaminan kepada pihak di Eropah mengenai kelangsungan dan komitmen operasi syarikat-syarikat teknologi dari negara berkenaan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kesatuan Eropah (EU) kini sedang merangka langkah drastik untuk mengurangkan kebergantungan terhadap syarikat digital Amerika Syarikat (AS) dan cip dari China bagi memberi laluan kepada alternatif tempatan. Kedaulatan teknologi ini dibangkitkan susulan kebimbangan infrastruktur strategik blok tersebut. Ia dilihat terlalu terdedah kepada kehendak dan campur tangan kuasa asing. Ancaman ‘Suis Pemati’ (Kill Switch) Siber Faktor 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